Evigrade
Major

Spironolactone × tacrolimus

Potassium-sparing diuretics (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists)×Calcineurin inhibitor (immunosuppressant)

Mechanism

Spironolactone retains potassium via aldosterone receptor blockade. Tacrolimus reduces renal potassium secretion via a distal tubular inhibitory effect. Additive hyperkalaemia.

Symptoms

Muscle weakness, paraesthesia, slowed pulse, arrhythmias. ECG: peaked T waves, widened QRS. Severe cases progress to cardiac arrest.

Management

Avoid the combination in transplant patients. Alternative diuretics: furosemide (loop, removes potassium) or hydrochlorothiazide. If spironolactone is needed, check potassium and creatinine every 1–2 weeks.

Sources

All interactions