Evigrade
Major

Ketorolac × tacrolimus

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)×Calcineurin inhibitor (immunosuppressant)

Mechanism

Ketorolac is the most nephrotoxic NSAID, limited to 5 days of use. Tacrolimus is nephrotoxic in its own right. Additive acute kidney injury risk multiplies in transplant patients.

Symptoms

Reduced urine output, rising creatinine and potassium, oedema. Symptoms appear earlier in older patients and chronic kidney disease.

Management

The combination is not prescribed. For post-transplant analgesia: paracetamol (up to 2 g/day), metamizole, or a short opioid course. For neuropathic pain: gabapentin or pregabalin.

Sources

All interactions

Ketorolac and tacrolimus: interaction, management, sources – Evigrade