Evigrade
Major

Alprazolam × ritonavir

Benzodiazepines. Short-to-medium-acting anxiolytics×HIV protease inhibitor / pharmacokinetic booster

Mechanism

Ritonavir is the most potent CYP3A4 inhibitor available – the main alprazolam metabolic route. Alprazolam plasma levels rise 4-fold. Marked sedation, ataxia, and respiratory depression risk emerge.

Symptoms

Deep sedation, drowsiness, marked ataxia. Older patients: fall and fracture risk. With high alprazolam doses and high ritonavir doses: respiratory depression risk.

Management

Avoid the combination. Alternative benzodiazepines without CYP3A4 dependence: lorazepam or oxazepam (metabolised by glucuronidation, weakly affected by ritonavir). If alprazolam is needed, reduce the dose 4-fold.

Sources

All interactions

Alprazolam and ritonavir: interaction, management, sources – Evigrade